Si pudieras soñar una utopía donde sordos y oyentes se pudieran comunicar sin barreras ¿cómo sería?
¡Estamos de suerte! Pues no hace falta imaginar: en las páginas de la historia, hay relatos que desafían nuestras percepciones y nos invitan a explorar mundos que, aunque parezcan lejanos, nos ofrecen lecciones muy valiosas. Uno de estos relatos es el de la cultura sorda de Martha’s Vineyard, una isla que se convirtió en un refugio para la comunidad sorda y un ejemplo de la verdadera inclusión.
Orígenes de una Comunidad Única
La historia de la comunidad sorda en Martha’s Vineyard comienza en el siglo XVII, cuando la isla, ubicada frente a la costa de Massachusetts, se convirtió en el hogar de un número inusualmente alto de personas sordas. Los primeros colonos, portadores de un gen dominante para la sordera, establecieron una comunidad donde ser sordo era tan común que no requería explicación ni adaptación especial; así pues, generación tras generación nacían niños/as con discapacidad auditiva (la primera persona sorda conocida fue Jonathan Lambert, en 1694).
Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL)
Con el tiempo, los residentes de Martha’s Vineyard, tanto sordos como oyentes, desarrollaron una lengua de signos propia: la MVSL (por sus siglas en inglés). Esta lengua, no solo permitió la comunicación fluida entre todos los habitantes de la isla, sino que también jugó un papel crucial en el desarrollo de la posterior lengua de signos americana (ASL).
Una sociedad inclusiva
Lo que hizo única a Martha’s Vineyard no fue sólo la alta prevalencia de la sordera, sino la forma en que la comunidad se adaptó para incluir a todos sus miembros. En esta sociedad, ser sorda/o no era una discapacidad, sino simplemente otra característica humana. La lengua de signos era conocida por todas/os, lo que permitía a las personas sordas participar plenamente en la vida social, económica y política de la isla. Según las investigaciones de Nora Groce, a finales del siglo XIX 1 de cada 155 habitantes de Vineyard nacía sordo (un 0,7%), casi veinte veces la tasa del país en su conjunto (1 de cada 2.730, o el 0,04%).
El declive de una Era
Con el paso del tiempo, la comunidad de la isla encontraba mayor oportunidades laborales y de estudios en el continente, al que comenzaron a trasladarse y a asentarse, creando allí sus familias. Así, muchas de las y los jóvenes sordos de Martha’s Vineyard comenzaron a asistir a la American School for the Deaf en Hartford, Connecticut. Esto fue una de las claves para la progresiva desaparición de la MVSL.
La última nativa sorda de Martha’s Vineyard fue Katie West, quien falleció en 1952.
Lecciones para el presente
La historia de Martha’s Vineyard nos enseña que una comunidad puede prosperar cuando se eliminan las barreras de comunicación y se adopta una actitud natural y sin prejuicios hacia la diversidad. Aunque la MVSL ya no se usa, su legado sigue inspirando a las comunidades sordas y oyentes de todo el mundo a buscar la inclusión y el entendimiento mutuo.
Esta entrada en la web es un homenaje a esa utopía silenciosa que, aunque ya no existe, sigue resonando con fuerza en el corazón de aquellos que creen en un mundo donde la diferencia no es un obstáculo, sino un puente hacia la comprensión y la unidad.
Esta entrada en la web es un homenaje a esa utopía silenciosa que, aunque ya no existe, sigue resonando con fuerza en el corazón de aquellos que creen en un mundo donde la diferencia no es un obstáculo, sino un puente hacia la comprensión y la unidad.
Curiosidades
Martha’s Vineyard se ha convertido en un lugar reconocible, ya no sólo por la historia que hemos contado, sino porque entre otras cosas fue el escenario para el rodaje de Tiburón, la película de Steven Spielberg o lugar de vacaciones de la familia Clinton.
Referencias:
- https://laislasorda.blogspot.com/2012/01/sordera-hereditaria-y-lengua-de-senas.html
- Groce, Nora Ellen (1985). Everyone here spoke sign language: Hereditary deafness on Martha’s Vineyard, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-27040-1
- https://bing.com/search?q=historia+de+la+cultura+sorda+de+Martha%27s+Vineyard
- https://educativo.insor.gov.co/contecortos/la-isla-marthas-vineyard-y-su-comunidad-sorda/ «»
- https://byhs.eu/es/blog/bienvenidos-a-la-isla-marthas-vineyard/
- https://es.amenajari.org/articles/hearing-loss/deafness/deaf-history-on-marthas-vineyard.html




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